ordering ocd

1) Overview What is Ordering / Arranging OCD?

Ordering / Arranging OCD is a subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that looks on the outside like someone who simply loves neatness, but the “engine inside” is completely different. The main drive does not come from enjoying aesthetics or being organized as a healthy personality trait.

Instead, it comes from psychological distress and physical–emotional discomfort that spikes instantly when things feel “out of place, imbalanced, unequal, misaligned,” or “not in a form the brain can accept.”

Its core is often a feeling like “it’s not finished” (incompleteness) or “it’s not just right,” rather than a clear, logical fear such as “if I don’t arrange it, I’ll get sick.”

Many people describe it as if there’s an “alarm” in the mind or body that says:

wrong… unfinished… stuck… not locked in yet.

Even when they rationally know it doesn’t matter, the nervous system feels as if an emergency button is being held down, creating persistent unease—until they do something to make that feeling finally shut off.

As a result, the main behaviors are organizing/arranging/adjusting/making things symmetrical/making things equal/making things “fit.” And the key point is that it’s done repeatedly, because doing it once usually brings only temporary relief—or relief that still feels “not complete.”

That leads to looping back to fix tiny details again and again: nudging the angle a bit more, adjusting the spacing a bit more, turning the label a bit more—then asking yourself repeatedly, Is it enough yet? Is it right yet? And many times the answer is “not yet,” even though outsiders can barely tell what changed.

A crucial dimension that makes Ordering/Arranging OCD brutal is that it doesn’t stop at making things look tidy. It goes as far as a sense of psychological safety—the feeling that “the world has to be in the correct form” before you can do anything else.

Some people feel that if their surroundings are out of place, their entire day will be “thrown off balance”: they become irritable, their concentration breaks down, they can’t work, or they feel as if there’s a splinter stuck in the brain all day.

This creates what people in everyday work language call getting stuck—not laziness, not a lack of discipline, but being “locked” by symptoms into having to fix it first before moving on to the next step.

Another common side is relationships with people around them. Others may see it as “it’s such a small thing” or “you’re being dramatic,” but for the person with symptoms, it’s real suffering. When someone moves an object, changes a position, or makes things not match the pattern the brain requires, stress can spike instantly.

Some people don’t want to control others—they need to control their own discomfort—so it turns into conflict: don’t touch my things, don’t arrange my desk, don’t place things crooked, and the atmosphere becomes tense unintentionally.

What confuses many people is that it can look like perfectionism or extreme tidiness. But in OCD, the focus is not on “work quality.” It’s on neutralizing discomfort. So you might see someone arranging things until time is wasted, while other important areas fall apart:

late submissions, leaving the house late, not sleeping enough, relationships deteriorating, and personal exhaustion. All of this comes from the basic OCD loop:

discomfort → ritualize/arrange it “correctly” → temporary relief → the brain learns even more that ‘this is what keeps me safe’ → next time it gets worse

Ordering/Arranging OCD is also highly diverse. Some people focus on visual symmetry (must be equal/aligned/in a straight line). Some focus on a specific ordering rule (sorting by color, size, category). Some focus on tactile “rightness”, such as feeling that an item placed somewhere “doesn’t lock in,” and needing to adjust it until it feels right.

And some focus on bodily balance, such as touching the left side and then needing to touch the right side equally so the lingering “uneven” feeling disappears.

Clear summary: Ordering/Arranging OCD is a condition where neatness is not a “style,” but a neurobiological necessity—if you don’t do it, you suffer. And that suffering pushes you to repeat behaviors that consume time, drain energy, and obstruct your life, even though you know the logic is not worth the time you’re losing.

2) Core Symptoms

Ordering/Arranging OCD often falls within the dimension called symmetry/ordering or the “Just-Right / Incompleteness” pattern—meaning you suffer because it feels not fitting/not correct/not locked in, rather than because you’re clearly afraid of a disaster happening.

A) Obsessions + Sensory Phenomena (what loops in your mind + what lingers in your body/emotions)

1) Preoccupation with “formal correctness”

Symmetry/equality/alignment/parallel lines/in rows

Placement must feel “right” according to internal rules, such as:

Books must be arranged tall→short, or by color order
Labels must face the same direction
Items on the table must have equal spacing
Corners must be exactly 90 degrees (or the “correct” angle for that person)

The peak of OCD is the feeling that it is “wrong” even when it’s only slightly wrong, and the more you try to “ignore it,” the louder the brain amplifies the wrongness.

2) “Just-Right” obsessions / feelings

IOCDF explains that a “Just Right” obsession is a thought or feeling that something is not quite right or not complete.

In Ordering/Arranging OCD, this is the main driver:

Not being afraid of a specific thing happening

But feeling that “I can’t live with this wrongness here”

Needing to make it “right” so the brain stops nagging

3) Incompleteness (not finished / not complete / stuck)

A feeling as if the task has not been “closed out,” even though logically it is already done

Everyday explanation: like having 20 tabs open in your brain, and one tab keeps screaming, “Not closed yet! Not closed yet!”

Many studies view incompleteness + not-just-right experiences as a group of “sensory phenomena” in OCD and link them to symptom severity.

4) Sensory discomfort (sensory / bodily distress)

This is extremely important because many people don’t realize OCD is not only “thoughts”—it can be an “itch in the brain,” for example:

Tightness in the chest/shoulders/neck when seeing something crooked

Restlessness to the point that you “cannot sit and do anything else”

Feeling like there’s a “splinter” that must be removed

Some people say it’s like mental noise that gets louder and louder if they don’t arrange things

5) Rules in the head (rule-based thinking)

“It must be this way only,” beyond ordinary preference

Rules are not chosen for rational reasons; they become “neurobiological obligations”

The difficulty is that rules often shift (today must be 100%, tomorrow must be 120%), so it is never enough

Summary of A: It’s not just wanting things to look nice; it’s a “stuckness” that forces you to fix things until they feel “right.”

B) Compulsions (compulsive actions / rituals) — done to neutralize stuckness, not for aesthetics

The key phrase in Ordering/Arranging OCD is:

“Arrange until it feels right.”
Not “arrange until it looks tidy.”

IOCDF explicitly states that one compulsion is “arranging/ordering until it feels right.”

1) Repeated rearranging (rearranging/repositioning)

Move something slightly, then step back to check again

Adjust angles/lines/spacing millimeter by millimeter

Rotate objects to the “right” degree

Move things back and forth because the original position feels “wrong”

2) Symmetry behaviors (making things equal/balanced)

Left–right must be equal

Paired items must stay paired

Seeing one thing unbalanced creates an immediate push to “go make it balanced” right away

3) Repeating / checking that is “not about safety, but about sensation”

Repeated visual checking: straight? equal? aligned?

Take a photo? move it back? eyeball it? use a ruler? (for some people)

The key is: checking doesn’t end, because the goal is not “getting an answer,” but “getting relief,” and relief rarely lasts long

4) Mental compulsions (rituals in the mind)

Many people think compulsions must be visible actions, but “in the mind” can also be compulsions, such as:

Replaying the image in your head: is it straight yet?

Counting internally to feel finished

Repeating commands to yourself: “You must complete every step”
(The idea of compulsions as hidden/in-mind behaviors is described in many clinical frameworks.)

5) Avoidance + Accommodation (avoiding triggers + having others help)

Avoid places where you cannot control order (e.g., shared desks)

Tell people at home: “don’t touch,” “don’t place,” “don’t move”

Have others arrange for you, or arrange instead of you, to avoid being triggered
This strengthens symptoms because the brain learns: “If I don’t control it = I won’t survive.”

C) Impact pattern (the distinct life impact pattern in Ordering OCD)

What commonly appears—and helps distinguish it from “ordinary neatness”—is real damage to time and daily functioning:

Getting stuck (time lock):
You can’t do anything else until it is “right.”

So slow it breaks your life:
Leaving the house late, submitting work late, not sleeping enough because you’re stuck arranging/fixing

Focus collapse because the brain loops on tiny details:
Even if you force yourself to work, it feels like a pop-up window keeps appearing in your mind all day

Relationship damage:
Others think it’s small, but you truly suffer, so conflict/irritability/control happens unintentionally

Fatigue and mood decline:
Because you spend the whole day using energy to neutralize “stuckness” rather than living your real life

3) Diagnostic Criteria

Ordering/Arranging is a “symptom theme,” but diagnosis uses the standard OCD framework, whose core is:
obsessions/compulsions + distress/time consumption/life impairment.

Below, I will explain each criterion step by step, along with a “how to read it in real life” lens.

Criterion A: Presence of obsessions and/or compulsions (must have obsessions and/or compulsions)

1) What are obsessions? (not just overthinking)

Obsessions in OCD generally include elements like these:

Thoughts/images/urges that are intrusive and arise spontaneously

Unwanted, often creating distress and tension

The person tries to suppress/drive away/neutralize them, or does something to reduce discomfort

In Ordering OCD, obsessions may not be “a disaster will happen,” but rather:

Thoughts like “it’s wrong,” “it’s not symmetrical,” “it’s not locked in”

Or just-right/incomplete sensations accompanied by tension

2) What are compulsions? (not just a “habit”)

Compulsions are:

Repetitive behaviors, or repetitive mental acts

Done to reduce distress from obsessions, or to feel “right/finished/safe”

But the actions are excessive or not rationally connected to the real-world goal

In Ordering OCD, the goal of compulsions is often:

To make the “stuckness” disappear

To make it “feel right”
And IOCDF clearly gives the example that “arranging until it feels right” is one form of compulsion.

Criterion B: Time-consuming or distress/impairment (time loss, distress, or life impairment)

This is the single most important “decider” separating OCD from ordinary neatness.

Symptoms must:

Take a lot of time (a commonly used example is > 1 hour per day), or

Cause clinically significant distress, or

Cause impairment in work/school/social life/relationships

Real-life picture:

If you “organize your desk” and your life improves = it may be a preference.

But if you “must organize your desk” until:

You arrive late to work

You can’t function

You fight with people at home

Your mind breaks down—irritable, anxious, distressed—and you still can’t stop
Then it clearly fits Criterion B.

NICE also describes OCD similarly as involving obsessions/compulsions that are distressing, time-consuming, and that interfere with functioning and daily life.

Criterion C: Not due to substances/medical condition (not caused by substances/medical illness)

This criterion rules out cases where symptoms come from:

Certain medications/substances

Neurological conditions or some physical medical states

Many clinical explanations include this as part of OCD diagnosis.

Plain language: The clinician must ensure symptoms are not caused by “another biological trigger” that can produce repetitive behaviors resembling OCD.

Criterion D: Not better explained by another disorder (not better explained by another condition)

This criterion separates OCD from conditions that “look similar,” especially with ordering/arranging themes.

Differentiate from OCPD (obsessive-compulsive personality disorder)

OCPD often feels: “I’m right; it should be this way,” and the person may take pride in being strict/perfect.

OCD often feels: “It’s too much, but I can’t stop, and I suffer.”
(This is a general clinical guideline; in real assessment, insight, distress, and the compulsion loop are key.)

Differentiate from Autism traits / ADHD traits

Some people organize to self-soothe or as routine (not necessarily OCD)

OCD shows a clearer loop: “intrusive + distress + compulsion to neutralize distress”

Differentiate from tic-related phenomena

Some people have sensory urges like tics and repeat actions to make them feel “right”

In OCD, the obsession/compulsion structure is clearer and has a meaning of neutralizing feelings/thoughts

Summary: Criterion D means diagnosis is not “see someone arranging things and decide.” You must look at the “engine inside”—is it truly an OCD loop?

A short checklist (sharp but effective): How much does Ordering/Arranging lean toward OCD?

If you answer “yes” to many items, symptoms are more likely OCD than mere preference:

You arrange because you cannot tolerate discomfort—not because you simply like it

If you don’t arrange, you feel stuck/irritable/restless until you cannot do anything else

You must arrange repeatedly until it feels “right” (and “right” tends to shift)

You lose a lot of time or it disrupts work/life/relationships

You know it’s excessive, but stopping is very hard

4) Subtypes or Specifiers (subtypes/specifiers)

In the DSM, common clinical practice is to add specifiers to describe overall severity and likely treatment response.

A) Insight specifier (degree of recognizing the symptoms may be unreasonable)

Good/Fair insight: You know it may be exaggerated, but you can’t stop

Poor insight: You strongly believe you must do it

Absent insight/delusional beliefs: You are extremely convinced—almost delusional

B) Tic-related specifier

Specify whether there is a history of tic disorder (this group often has stronger just-right/sensory phenomena and may require tailored treatment planning).

C) Symptom dimension (used clinically even if not an “official specifier” across every system)

Ordering/Arranging falls within the “symmetry/ordering/repeating/counting” dimension.

5) Brain & Neurobiology — Why “not fitting” can feel so unbearable

The key overview to hold first

Ordering/Arranging OCD is not simply a “neatness preference.” It involves brain circuits that interpret the signal “not yet organized / not finished” as excessively loud, pushing repeated corrective behaviors so that the signal shuts off temporarily.

Especially in the symmetry/ordering group, the dominant feature is Just-right / Incompleteness / Not-just-right experiences (NJRE)—a “stuck” feeling rather than a clear fear of danger.

A) CSTC Circuit: the “looping + can’t inhibit + over-fast error detection” circuit

A classic OCD framework often discussed in brain structure/function studies is the Cortico–Striato–Thalamo–Cortical (CSTC) circuit, involved in:

Detecting “wrong/not finished”

Deciding whether to “let it go” or “fix it”

Braking repetitive behavior (inhibitory control)

Shifting gears from “inspect/fix mode” back to “live your life mode”

Commonly discussed nodes in OCD:

Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC): evaluates the value/importance of the “wrong” signal and pushes urgency to correct

Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) / dorsal ACC: error monitoring (detecting conflict/error) and response control

Striatum (e.g., caudate) + thalamus: a “central gear” that makes thoughts/urges/habits easier to loop

In work-language:
Your brain’s “QA” (quality assurance) turns on extreme-detail inspection mode and won’t shut off. One tiny misalignment triggers a ticket: “Fix it now,” or you can’t continue.

B) Error Monitoring + “Incompleteness”: why it isn’t just thoughts, but a “stuck symptom”

In Ordering/Arranging OCD, the suffering point is “stuckness” that feels like sensory–emotional signals more than thoughts.

IOCDF describes Just Right as thoughts and/or feelings that “something isn’t quite right” or “is not complete.”

Reviews/meta-analyses find that incompleteness/NJRE correlates with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (both clinical and non-clinical groups).

Why does “slightly crooked” feel intolerable?

Not because you don’t understand logic, but because the brain sets an abnormally high “tidiness threshold.”

Once the “not yet right” signal fires, the nervous system creates pressure: tightness, discomfort, irritability, restlessness.

Organizing/arranging acts like a temporary “mute button.” The moment you press it, it goes quiet—so the brain learns that you must repeat it.

That’s why many people say: “I know it doesn’t matter, but my body/brain won’t accept it.”

C) Connectivity & Activation: the brain becomes “tightly wired” into the same loop

Many neuroimaging studies report differences in structure and connectivity in CSTC-related networks, such as:

Higher/tighter connectivity or activity in parts of CSTC including OFC and striatum/thalamus

Findings both at rest (resting-state) and during symptom provocation

In picture terms:
Like an organization whose approval system rejects work too easily, and the workflow lock is so tight that you can loop on the same correction all day.

D) Executive Control / Inhibitory Control: “can’t brake” and “can’t switch modes fast enough”

Reviews on cognitive and emotional impairments in OCD suggest difficulties in areas like:

Response inhibition (inhibitory control)

Cognitive flexibility / set shifting

Shifting attention away from what the brain is fixated on

In Ordering OCD, it looks like this:

The brain locks attention onto “imperfection”

You try to brake but it won’t stop

You can’t move on until it’s “done” (and the definition of “done” often shifts)

E) Neurochemistry: why SSRIs matter (but it’s not only serotonin)

Across OCD treatment overviews:

SSRIs and CBT/ERP are first-line in many guidelines

Response to serotonin-related medications supports the role of the serotonergic system

But OCD cannot be explained by serotonin alone (because some cases are refractory and may involve other mechanisms)

Plainly: serotonin is an important “lever” that can reduce drive/sensitivity of circuits, but the core problem is network-level + learned reinforcement—so ERP is needed to retrain the system.

F) Why symmetry/ordering differs from “harm/fear” themes

Research suggests incompleteness/NJRE is a motivational driver beyond harm avoidance.

So in ordering OCD:

The primary trigger may be “not fitting,” not “risk”

The compulsion is to feel “right/finished,” not to prevent a logical disaster

The nervous system behaves more like an “unfinished-task signal” than a “danger signal”

6) Causes & Risk Factors — what it comes from, and what makes it flare up

A fair overview

OCD (including ordering/arranging) results from:

genetics + brain development/neural circuits + life experiences + stress + reinforcement learning.
It is not the “fault” of personality, and it is not a simple straight-line “family fault.”

A) Genetics & Heritability: real genetic loading, but not 100%

Reviews on genetic/environmental influences report that:

Twin studies in children/adolescents suggest genetics explains roughly 45–65% of variance in OCD symptoms (depending on age and measurement)

The rest is often non-shared environment (individual-specific experiences, not the same shared environment)

Plain language: you may be born with a “sensitive system,” but many other factors must combine for full symptoms to emerge.

B) Neurodevelopment & Temperament: sensitivity to “stuckness” and self-control

Even without a single decisive variable, OCD commonly shows themes such as:

Sensitivity to uncertainty/imperfection

A brain tendency to detect errors quickly and “let go” slowly

Some inhibitory/flexibility difficulties in some people

For ordering OCD, “fuel” often looks like temperament traits such as:

Preferring certainty/orderliness

Low tolerance for unfinished feelings

Needing the “rightness” sensation to close the mental loop

(Remember: these are tendencies, not a verdict of being/not being OCD.)

C) Learning & Reinforcement: the cycle that strengthens symptoms over time

This is the core of how OCD grows:

See imperfection → discomfort/tension

Arrange/make symmetrical → immediate relief

The brain learns “organizing = survival”

Next time the brain deploys the same method faster and more intensely

This aligns with the idea that OCD involves CSTC dysregulation and persistence of looping rituals/habit patterns.

Amplifiers that intensify reinforcement:

Doing it more often to get relief faster

“It works” (the discomfort truly drops) which rewards the brain

Family/others arranging for you (accommodation) strengthens the belief “control is necessary”

D) Stress & Triggering Events: stress doesn’t create OCD, but can make it “explode”

A common idea is that people with underlying vulnerability may see symptoms become clearer when facing:

Accumulated stress

Life transitions (heavy workload, more responsibility, moving, conflict)

Sleep deprivation / nervous system fatigue

Mechanistically, it’s like “resources for inhibition” drop, and the looping circuit becomes dominant again more easily.

E) Non-shared Environment: individual experiences matter a lot

Twin studies highlight that “non-shared environment” makes up a large portion, which can include:

Personally impactful experiences (even within the same family)

School/work contexts that pressure the individual uniquely

Events that pair strongly with the theme of “unfinished/imperfection,” leading the brain to link it with distress

Important: this does not mean you must have “big trauma” to have OCD—many people develop OCD without a major trauma event.

F) Comorbidity & Specifiers that increase risk/shape symptoms

Common factors seen in clinical guidance and reviews that can shape severity/presentation:

Anxiety/depression (both consequences and multipliers of OCD severity)

Tic-related tendency in some people (often linked with sensory phenomena/just-right), which is why “tic-related specifier” exists

G) What is NOT the cause (said clearly to remove blame)

Not because you’re “too picky”

Not because “your family taught you to be perfect” in a straight-line way

Not because you’re “weak”

And telling yourself “stop thinking” often doesn’t work, because it’s a brain-circuit + learning loop, not just an attitude problem

Executive Summary (sharp takeaways)

Brain (CSTC) + error-monitoring (ACC/OFC) amplifies the “not yet right” signal

Ordering is driven by incompleteness/NJRE/just-right = “stuck” suffering, not only fear

Genetics contributes (twin studies in youth ~45–65%), but individual experiences matter a lot

The “do it → relief” loop reinforces OCD over time unless interrupted with ERP/treatment

7) Treatment & Management

If we’re professional and not sugarcoating it: the top treatment for OCD is ERP, and medication is added if needed.

A) CBT with Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) = core approach

Concept: intentionally face what is “not right” (exposure) and do not perform the fixing ritual (response prevention) until the brain learns: “discomfort can drop on its own, and I don’t have to make it perfect.”

Examples of ERP tailored to Ordering/Arranging (step ladder):

Place an item slightly crooked for 5–10 minutes, then gradually increase time

Leave one bottle/book label “facing differently” 1 item → 3 items → the whole shelf

Put items on a table with uneven spacing and continue working without correcting

Set a rule: “I can fix it only once per day,” then reduce further

If it’s bodily symmetry: touch only one side and do not match the other

Techniques that make ERP actually work:

Rate discomfort 0–10 (SUDS) and observe it drop

Use inhibitory learning: don’t wait for 0/10 comfort—practice staying with stuckness while doing what matters

Reduce family accommodation: others fixing it for you strengthens symptoms

B) Medication (moderate–severe symptoms or ERP is hard)

Main options: SSRIs (often higher doses than for depression) or clomipramine.
Evidence suggests SSRIs and clomipramine can be similar in effect in many analyses, and combining medication + CBT/ERP often works best.

For treatment-resistant cases, some guidelines consider augmentation (e.g., other medications) under a specialist.

C) Specialist options for severe/refractory cases

Neuromodulation (e.g., TMS/DBS) may be considered for very severe cases that do not respond to standard treatment (requires specialist team).

D) Everyday management (make it usable in real life)

Set a “time budget” for rituals: e.g., 15 minutes/day, then reduce

Use “Messy reps”: small consistent practice beats one dramatic cold-turkey attempt

Sleep/stress/caffeine can amplify symptoms (not the root cause, but a multiplier)

If depression develops from OCD, treat both—otherwise ERP motivation collapses

8) Notes (separate it clearly + common misconceptions)

OCD ≠ OCPD (obsessive-compulsive personality disorder)

OCPD: often feels “I’m right/it should be this way” (ego-syntonic)

OCD: often feels “I know it’s excessive, but I can’t stop, and I suffer” (ego-dystonic)

Having a clean room / liking organization does not mean OCD if there is no distress, no time loss, and no life impairment.

Some people with ordering OCD are not afraid of anything—they are simply “stuck” and need it to feel right to stop suffering. That’s why ERP must be designed around “discomfort,” not only fear challenges.

If symptoms create suicidal thoughts/hopelessness or make functioning impossible, seek professional help quickly (OCD is treatable, but the longer it’s left, the stronger the loop becomes).

Read OCD (Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder)

References

International OCD Foundation (IOCDF). Just Right OCD Fact Sheet. (Explains “just-right” obsessions, incompleteness, and related compulsions.)
International OCD Foundation (IOCDF). What You Need to Know About OCD (brochure). (Basic definition of obsessions/compulsions and functional impairment.)
NICE (UK). Obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder: treatment (CG31). (Stepped-care treatment recommendations; ERP/CBT emphasis.)
NICE (UK). CG31 Full Guideline (Evidence). (Full guideline PDF supporting the recommendations.)
MSD Manuals (Professional). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). (Diagnostic framing: time-consuming >1 hour/day or distress/impairment; overview of obsessions/compulsions.)
NCBI Bookshelf. Diagnostic criteria – Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. (Clear wording on distress/time-consuming/functional interference.)
Horncastle, T. (2022). Not just right experiences and incompleteness as a predictor of OC symptoms: meta-analysis. (Quantifies relationship between incompleteness/NJRE and OC symptoms.)
Belloch, A. et al. (2016). Incompleteness and not just right experiences in OCD (beyond harm avoidance). (Positions incompleteness/NJRE as motivators beyond harm avoidance.)
Li, B. & Mody, M. (2016). Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cortical (CSTC) circuitry and OCD. (CSTC circuitry discussion relevant to OCD loops and control.)
Gonçalves, Ó.F. et al. (2016). Cognitive and emotional impairments in OCD (review). (Inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and related neurocognitive findings.)
Krebs, G. et al. (2014). Genetic and environmental influences on obsessive-compulsive behaviour across development (twin data). (Heritability estimates; non-shared environment contribution.)
van Grootheest, D.S. et al. (2005/2007). Twin studies / heritability of OC symptoms. (Review + evidence of heritable components.)
Del Casale, A. et al. (2019). Psychopharmacological treatment of OCD (review). (SSRIs/clomipramine; combined medication + CBT/ERP; refractory strategies.)
Pittenger, C. (2014). Pharmacological treatment of OCD (review). (Evidence-based pharmacotherapies and options for refractory cases.)

Ordering OCD, Arranging OCD, Symmetry OCD, Just-Right OCD, Incompleteness, Not-Just-Right Experiences, Sensory Phenomena, Obsessions and Compulsions, Reordering Rituals, Symmetry Behaviors, Repeating and Checking, Mental Compulsions, Distress and Impairment, Time-Consuming Rituals, Insight Specifier, Tic-Related OCD, CSTC Circuit, Orbitofrontal Cortex, Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Striatum, Error Monitoring, Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Flexibility, Habit Loop, Negative Reinforcement, Exposure and Response Prevention, ERP Therapy, CBT for OCD, SSRIs for OCD, Clomipramine, Augmentation Strategies, OCD Neurobiology, Genetic Heritability, Non-Shared Environment, Stress Vulnerability Model

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Ordering / Arranging OCD